Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science

Re-Cutting Benches in A Blast-Bulldozer-Basement Complex During The Development of “Mountain-Deposit” Type Deposits

Mislibaev Ilkhom Tuychibaevich — 2025-11-06

This article discusses and presents a methodology for cutting benches in a blast-bulldozer-basement system for mining “mountain-deposit” mineral deposits. Experimental studies have demonstrated the feasibility of reducing the volume of rock bypassed by bulldozers in a blast-bulldozer-basement system by enhancing the blast's throwing effect on the discharge. In most cases, when the slope angle is less than or equal to the working wall angle (φ≤γ), steep-slice mining can begin from the bottom up the slope. This increases the quarry wall height with the cutting of new benches until the wall reaches the mountain crest. Subsequently, the wall height will remain constant for a long time (when mining a mountain ridge or plateau) or begin to decrease (when mining a dome-shaped hill). The high efficiency of the blast-dozer-basement system using flat, stepped charges makes it suitable for construction material quarries. This system is particularly effective in newly developed deposits. Switching to this technology at existing quarries using a different system requires minor modifications, such as re-cutting the benches.

Self-Directed Learning Strategies in Higher Education: A Combination of Theory and Practice

Shodiyeva Matluba Jo‘rayevna — 2025-11-10

This paper explores theoretical and practical aspects of self-directed learning (SDL) and self-regulated learning (SRL) and takes into account an important shift in the ways that students are viewed: from passive receivers of information to active constructors of knowledge during their learning process, particularly in higher education. Objective: Despite a shift towards more autonomous learning supported by gradually designed digitalized learning pathways, the potential of introducing reflective self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies systematically in university curricula to enhance specific metacognitive and motivational skills remains largely unsolved. This research is theoretical-descriptive, its major component devoted to comparative analytical study of international and local educational practice and examines the key elements of self-regulated learning such as metacognitive, motivational and behavioral regulation and its pedagogical implications. Findings suggest that SRL-related strategies (reflective journaling, time management, goal-setting, etc.) improve student academic performance by approximately 15–25%, foster autonomy, and increase students’ psychological resilience. Finally, the article recommends incorporating self-regulated learning into the design of instruction as a way of enhancing learner self-efficacy and also to more completely meet the needs of higher education in an era when lifelong learning is an increasingly salient goal. These implications highlight the need for (1) teacher training guided by SRL research, (2) assessment tools that foster reflection, and (3) digital technologies (AI learning analytics, e-portfolios) aligned with personalized learning pathways. SRL interventions in the different disciplines should be tested in future empirical studies to examine their effectiveness regarding the cognitive and emotional development of students over time.

LoRaWAN Technical Requirements for Technology and Specific Features of Radio Interface Construction

Mahbubakhan Sultanova — 2025-11-12

This paper explores the role of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technology in addressing the growing needs of the Internet of Things (IoT). With the rapid expansion of smart cities, the need for wide-area low-power communication systems has increased. Many modern wireless systems face limitations in range, price, or energy consumption, so there is still an unmet need for efficiently connecting sensors over large or hard-to-reach regions. In short, the comparison made in this study is that of LoRaWAN with different wireless standards, namely Wi-Fi, SigFox, Bluetooth LE, and Power Line Communication (PLC) to make a road by answering above roadblocks. We picked apart things like signal range, data rate, energy consumption, and modulation type to identify which system appears to give the best ready to use balance for IoT. Results show that LoRaWAN is able to reliably transmit data in line-of-sight over distances of up to 15 km in rural conditions and 2.5 km in urban areas whilst consuming very little power over unlicensed ISM bands from 433 to 915 MHz. Even though it fails there, thanks to its strength and efficiency, it is suitable for long-range sensor systems. Overall, LoRaWAN provides a good foundation for smart infrastructure, environmental monitoring and industrial applications. By adopting this technology, Uzbekistan and similar regions may be able to expand their IoT networks in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.

Modern Trends and Transformation of HR Management in Uzbekistan: Analysis of Key Trends, Technologies and Changes in Human Resource Management in the Context of Digitalization and Economic Growth

Atajanov Jasur Maxsudovich — 2025-11-21

This article scrutinizes the radical modifications in the practices of human resource management in Uzbekistan today, in the process of digitalization and economic reforms that have been taking place swiftly. It highlights mainly the usage of digital technologies, the alteration of the workforce's age structure, the reform of organizational types, and the introduction of international best practices customized to the local context. The article is a guide to the HR transformation process that emerging economies organizations are facing where they not only have to think about global standards but also about cultural specificity and local market conditions.

Sustainable Development in Kyrgyzstan: Air Quality in Bishkek and Health of its Residents

Maria Kochkorbaeva — 2025-11-30

This research analyses the correlation between the average annual concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in the atmosphere and the incidence of bronchial asthma among the population of Bishkek. The analysis is based on data from relevant sources, including official statistics from the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2014–2023. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the existence of a positive relationship between the variables, which justifies the use of a one-tailed Student's t-test with a significance level of α = 0.10. Such approach is conditioned by the complex etiology of bronchial asthma and the influence of multiple external factors. The research confirm the existence of a link between air pollution from emissions of internal combustion engine vehicles and the increase of bronchial asthma incidence. Authors note that there is a need to expand the sample and include additional factors in subsequent studies. The data obtained within this research can be used in the development of effective environmental and preventive measures aimed at improving air quality and reducing the incidence of respiratory diseases in Bishkek city.

From Readiness to Resilience: How Strategic Agility and Flexibility Enhance Entrepreneurial Outcomes through Strategic Intelligence

Ali Abdulhussein Gaber Aljashaam — 2025-12-03

Entrepreneurial organizations are becoming both volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) operating environments, and nimbleness and flexibility is the sole survival tactic. Based on the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV), this paper explores how strategic agility, strategic flexibility and strategic intelligence are influenced to create entrepreneurial results of growth, resilience and profitability. The study incorporates the use of regression and bootstrapped mediation analysis based on the survey data of 300 entrepreneurial firms in various industries whereby seven hypotheses were tested. The findings confirm that agility and flexibility have positive correlations with the outcomes, and both agility capabilities and agility flexibility are significant predictors of strategic intelligence. The outcomes of strategic intelligence are also improved and these points illustrate the importance of strategic intelligence as a separate performance driver. Nevertheless, mediation tests show that the intelligence is not important in mediating the connection between agility, flexibility, and results. Such results indicate that agility and flexibility have their strongest impacts that are direct and that intelligence is a supplementary resource and not a mediating mechanism. Theoretically, the research disaggregates a portion of the black box in DCV, by placing intelligence as a key but autonomous construct. As a practical suggestion, it recommends entrepreneurs to strike a balance between agility and flexibility and investments in intelligence systems to enhance resilience and competitiveness in unpredictable markets.

The Role of Phytofungi in Enhancing The Quality of Active Compounds of Medicinal Plants in Polluted Environments

Sadam Hameed Rasheed — 2025-12-09

Medicinal and aromatic plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds that have various applications in medicine, pharmacy, and nutrition. However, their production is increasingly challenged by the rising problems with environmental pollution, poor soil fertility, and abiotic stresses that impinge negatively on the growth of the plant and its capacity for producing secondary compounds with therapeutic value. In such a scenario, symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi, particularly shrubby mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have emerged as a potentially sustainable natural alternative capable of improving medicinal plant growth along with biochemical productivity both under optimum and stressful conditions. These fungi establish a network of hyphae beyond the root zone, thereby improving efficiency in the uptake of water and nutrients, especially phosphorus, iron, zinc, and trace elements, within the plant's rhizosphere. Generally, plants associated with AMF have greater resistance to drought and salinity and heavy metals due to the enhanced nutrient and water balance, induction of defense mechanisms, antioxidants, and better soil structuring through metabolites such as glomalin, which improves cohesion and stability in the soil. The effects of AMF extend to influencing secondary compound production, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and alkaloids, through direct or indirect means, including increased biomass, enhanced photosynthesis, modulation of plant hormones, and induction of enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways like PAL and CHS. A wide array of works reported on species like Salvia miltiorrhiza, Hypericum perforatum, and licorice presented that AMF inoculation positively and significantly enhances the active content, especially when multiple fungal species rather than a single one are used

New Class of Ideal Topological Spaces

Raghad Jabbar Sabir — 2025-12-12

In this study, we establish a newly constructed operators for establishing a new kind of sets entitled sets. By preserving both local and transitional qualities in a topological space, these sets generalize and improve a number of traditional and generalized topological constructions. We examine the structural properties of sets in comparison to pre-open forms as well as semi-regular closed sets. We show that the set represents strictly weaker compared to the α-open sets in general. Additionally, we demonstrate that all sets constitute a supratopology by showing that their collection occurs under arbitrary unions. The newly developed family of sets offers fresh insights into continuity, closure, and convergent analysis as well as a fundamental basis for creating sophisticated ideas in extended topological spaces. These results offer a theoretical structure that may be expanded to examine intricate connections between different generalized open sets, opening up new avenues for sophisticated topological modeling applications.Furthermore, we demonstrate that the collection of all -K sets forms a supratopology, as it is closed under arbitrary unions. Theintroduction This is a new family of sets.provides fresh perspectives on continuity, closure operations, and convergence analysis, offering a robust framework for developing advanced notions in extended topological structures. The findings presented in this work open new avenues for exploring intricate relationships among various generalized open sets and pave the way for sophisticated modeling applications in modern topology.

Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide with Polycaprolactone and Evaluation of Electrospun Scaffold Composite

Hassan Khudher Naji — 2025-12-12

The creation and development of medical polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and zinc oxide nanofibers (ZnO NPs) and their catalytic activity against dangerous bacteria and germs are the most important electrospinning techniques in this work. 2% and 3% were applied in addition to the electrospinning process. Pure polymer divided by the weight of zinc oxide nanoparticles (PCL). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AFM surface roughness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), material crystallization, FT-IR spectroscopy, and the nature of the interaction between nanoparticles (ZnO) and pure polymer were used to determine the fiber diameter. This reaction shows catalytic properties and mechanical stability through mechanical property testing. In addition to how viscosity increases with increasing concentration. High porosity is provided by water angle testing and good adhesion by these scaffolds. These concentrations can be used as an antibacterial and antibacterial agent.

Theoretical Analysis and Components of the Concept of Literary Literacy

Duschanova Nilufar Sabirbayevna — 2025-12-13

This article explores the role and significance of neuro-pedagogical technologies in literary education, with a particular focus on their impact on developing competencies in deep literary comprehension. The author analyzes the cognitive and affective mechanisms of neuro-pedagogy and their influence on aesthetic perception, reflective reading, and the process of creating personal meaning. The article discusses methods that are in line with brain activity in the understanding of literary texts, methods that rejuvenate emotional perception and tools that initiate visual and sensorimotor activity in order to enhance a learner activity. It also provides new directions in the installation of literary competence through neuro-thinking, neuro-imaginary, and neuro-interpretation approaches.

Preparation and Study of The Properties of Sodium Alginate-Coated Nanoscale Montmorillonite Clay for The Removal of Organic Dyes

Ayman Ali Hussen — 2025-12-19

The presence of organic dyes in industrial wastewaters is crucial worldwide, especially dye wastewater from textile, leather and paper industries, as these dyes are often toxic and/or carcinogenic, and thus, their removal or decolorization are necessary. The use of adsorption has become a suitable, efficient, and green technology for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater, especially using nanocomposite materials. Montmorillonite (MMT), a widespread natural clay, is a potential candidate that possesses high surface area and cation-exchange capacity properties but suffers from agglomeration and poor mechanical stability in an aqueous medium. Nanocomposites relying on MMT as well as natural biopolymers such as sodium alginate (SA) have exhibited potency; however, the encapsulation mechanisms and surface interactions are still unexplored and have not been correlated with their removal efficacy of these dyes. In this study, Na+-montormillonite (MMT)/sodium alginate (SA) nanocomposite was prepared and characterized to produce an adsorbent material that offers higher adsorption capacities and stability and efficiency towards organic dyes at a wide range of operational conditions. Under optimal conditions (pH=8.5), the MMT/SA composite had a maximum dye removal efficiency of 98.1% and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 155.8 mg/g, following pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models and indicating that the rate-limiting step was chemisorption. Abstract: This work presents a green and highly effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment, as the results reveal substantial quality enhancement of the mechanical and chemical properties of MMT due to the encapsulation of sodium alginate (SA). Results demonstrate that the MMT/SA composite provides a low-cost approach for developing a great scale adsorption technology, exhibiting good operational stability across a large number of cycles of reuse and satisfying international sustainable practice on wastewater treatment.

Orbital and Positional Perturbation of Satellites Under Solar Radiation Pressure at Influence of Area-to-Mass Ratio and CR Variability

Mayada Jasim Hamwdi — 2025-12-24

Among the perturbing factors that act on an artificial satellite, one of the most important is surely direct solar radiation pressure, mainly for objects with a high area-to-mass ratio. Direct solar radiation pressure had a considerable effect on the evolution of far-away orbits. The larger A/m is, the more strongly orbital elements and spatial position will deviate over time. Including a proper model of radiation pressure, therefore, is essential in space mission design and orbit prediction for small satellites. Future studies suggest the inclusion of Earth's shadow and thermal emissions as ways to further enhance the accuracy of numerical models.

Post-Pandemic Recovery and Strategic Development of Italy’s Tourism Industry

Bekmurodova F. A — 2025-12-24

Europe has been the all-time tourism destination through centuries, with the exquisite tourism opportunities of the countries located here. Italy being one of them, it is considered as the main tourism driver of the region with its from geographical to man made tourism opportunities. Italy has unique tourism power, which can not be easily repeated by other countries. Even though, tourism makes up a sizable portion of Italy's GDP, it also causes overcrowding, environmental damage, and increased living expenses for locals. Due to this reason, this article will explore the importance of tourism in Italy. It further analyses the impacts that tourism has on the environment, economy, and cultural heritage. The study explores the impacts of mass tourism on historic sites, host communities, and other infrastructural facilities. Additionally, it discusses the role of government policies and sustainable tourism strategies in mitigating these challenges.