Procedure for Accounting for Export Transactions and Foreign Exchange Earnings

Abstract

This study examines the current practices of accounting for export operations and foreign currency revenue monitoring in enterprises, with particular emphasis on improving accounting mechanisms under conditions of exchange rate volatility and increasing international trade integration. Effective accounting of export transactions plays a significant role in ensuring financial stability, maintaining liquidity, and strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises in foreign markets. The research analyzes the accounting treatment of export revenues, recognition of foreign currency inflows, exchange rate differences, and debtor obligations in accordance with international financial reporting standards, particularly IFRS 15 and IAS 21. Empirical analysis was conducted using export and foreign currency revenue data of “BETLIS TEKSTIL” enterprise for the period 2021–2025. The findings indicate that while export realization volumes remained relatively stable, the ratio of actual foreign currency revenues to export volumes gradually declined, reflecting increasing debtor risks, payment delays, and foreign exchange exposure. To improve the assessment of export efficiency and foreign currency risks, several innovative economic–mathematical models. These models provide a more accurate evaluation of financial performance and currency-related risks in export activities.