Determination of vitamin D3 in biological fluids by Sophonix Device that operates on chemiluminescent immunoassay (cLIA)
Keywords:
Vitamin D3, calcium, TSH
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, affecting over a billion people globally, is now recognized as a steroid hormone crucial for immunity and bone health. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune thyroid condition, is linked to low vitamin D. This study compared vitamin D and calcium levels in 105 individuals from Baghdad (2023): healthy controls, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism patients. Results revealed a significant decrease in vitamin D levels in the hyperthyroidism group compared to the healthy group (p-value = 0.008), while the hypothyroidism group showed no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.056). Calcium levels were significantly reduced in hypothyroidism patients (p-value = 0.000) and moderately reduced in hyperthyroidism (p-value = 0.000).Hyperthyroidism was characterized by low serum TSH levels alongside elevated T4 and T3, whereas hypothyroidism showed the highest TSH levels and reduced T4. These findings highlight a clear association between thyroid disorders and imbalances in vitamin D and calcium, emphasizing the need to monitor these parameters in diagnosis and management.
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References
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2. Baig, M., Alghalayini, K. W., Gazzaz, Z. J., & Murad, M. A. J. I. J. o. G. M. (2024). Serum Vitamin D and Vaspin Levels Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Their Association with Risk Factors. 2907-2917.
3. Bikle, D. D. J. C., & biology. (2014). Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. 21(3), 319-329.
4. Chakraborti, C. K. J. I. j. o. p. (2011). Vitamin D as a promising anticancer agent. 43(2), 113-120.
5. Chen, M., Sheu, W. J. J. o. t. e. i. m., & biology. (2001). Plasma status of selected minerals in hypertensive men with and without insulin resistance. 14(4), 228-231.
6. Dayan, C. M., & Panicker, V. J. N. R. E. (2009). Novel insights into thyroid hormones from the study of common genetic variation. 5(4), 211-218.
7. Fekete, C., & Lechan, R. M. J. E. r. (2014). Central regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. 35(2), 159-194.
8. Feldman, D., Krishnan, A. V., Swami, S., Giovannucci, E., & Feldman, B. J. J. N. r. c. (2014). The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression. 14(5), 342-357.
9. Fountoulakis, S., & Tsatsoulis, A. J. C. e. (2004). On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis. 60(4), 397-409.
10. Grundmann, M., von Versen-Höynck, F. J. R. b., & endocrinology. (2011). Vitamin D-roles in women's reproductive health? , 9, 1-12.
11. Holick, M. F. (2006). High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Paper presented at the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
12. Jara, L. J., Medina, G., Cruz-Domínguez, M. P., Solís, A. M., Vera-Lastra, O., & Saavedra, M. A. (2025). Atrophic Autoimmune Thyroiditis. In Autoimmune Disease Diagnosis: Systemic and Organ-specific Diseases (pp. 345-350): Springer.
13. Jonklaas, J., Tefera, E., & Shara, N. J. T. (2018). Physician choice of hypothyroidism therapy: influence of patient characteristics. 28(11), 1416-1424.
14. Kim, D. J. I. j. o. m. s. (2017). The role of vitamin D in thyroid diseases. 18(9), 1949.
15. Klecha, A. J., Barreiro Arcos, M. L., Frick, L., Genaro, A. M., & Cremaschi, G. J. N. (2008). Immune-endocrine interactions in autoimmune thyroid diseases. 15(1), 68-75.
16. Kurylowicz, A., Ramos-Lopez, E., Bednarczuk, T., Badenhoop, K. J. E., endocrinology, c., & diabetes. (2006). Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphism is associated with Graves' disease and the vitamin D status in a Polish population study. 114(06), 329-335.
17. Lubna A.A. Al-Assaf, Y. A. H. A.-I. (2024). Effect of Pfizer BioNTech vaccination on some coagulation factors. Turk J Biochem, 48(Special Issue), 173–178. doi:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7547612
18. Mackawy, A. M. H., Al-Ayed, B. M., & Al-Rashidi, B. M. J. I. j. o. h. s. (2013). Vitamin D deficiency and its association with thyroid disease. 7(3), 267.
19. Matsuoka, L. Y., Wortsman, J., Dannenberg, M. J., Hollis, B. W., Lu, Z., Holick, M. F. J. T. J. o. C. E., & Metabolism. (1992). Clothing prevents ultraviolet-B radiation-dependent photosynthesis of vitamin D3. 75(4), 1099-1103.
20. Papadopoulou, S. N. A., Anastasiou, E. A., Adamantidi, T., Ofrydopoulou, A., Letsiou, S., & Tsoupras, A. J. A. S. (2025). A Comprehensive Review on the Beneficial Roles of Vitamin D in Skin Health as a Bio-Functional Ingredient in Nutricosmetic, Cosmeceutical, and Cosmetic Applications. 15(2), 796.
21. Rajasree, S., Rajpal, K., Kartha, C., Sarma, P., Raman Kutty, V., Iyer, C., & Girija, G. J. E. j. o. e. (2001). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels are elevated in South Indian patients with ischemic heart disease. 17, 567-571.
22. SEGAL, J. J. E. (1990). Calcium is the first messenger for the action of thyroid hormone at the level of the plasma membrane: first evidence for an acute effect of thyroid hormone on calcium uptake in the heart. 126(5), 2693-2702.
23. Talaei, A., Ghorbani, F., Asemi, Z. J. I. j. o. e., & metabolism. (2018). The effects of Vitamin D supplementation on thyroid function in hypothyroid patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 22(5), 584-588.
24. van Driel, M., van Leeuwen, J. P. J. M., & endocrinology, c. (2017). Vitamin D endocrinology of bone mineralization. 453, 46-51.
25. Vos, X. G., Endert, E., Zwinderman, A., Tijssen, J. G., Wiersinga, W. M. J. T. J. o. C. E., & Metabolism. (2016). Predicting the risk of recurrence before the start of antithyroid drug therapy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. 101(4), 1381-1389.
26. Yousif, S., & Muhsin, J. M. J. I. J. P. H. R. D. (2019). Serum vitamin-D levels in bronchial asthmatic patients in Baghdad City. 10(9), 2139-2144.
27. Zhao, Y., Su, D., Huang, L., He, M., Han, D., Zhao, D., . . . Metabolism. (2025). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome with different serum vitamin D levels in middle-aged and older adults. 22(1), 1-7.
Published
2025-07-07
How to Cite
Lubna Amer Al-Assaf. (2025). Determination of vitamin D3 in biological fluids by Sophonix Device that operates on chemiluminescent immunoassay (cLIA). Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 6(3), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.51699/cajotas.v6i3.1586
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
